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1954 novel by William Golding

Lord of the Flies
LordOfTheFliesBookCover.jpg

The original Uk Lord of the Flies book embrace
Writer William Golding
Cover artist Anthony Gross[ane]
Land United Kingdom
Genre Allegorical novel
Publisher Faber and Faber

Publication date

 17 September 1954
Pages 224[2]
ISBN 0-571-05686-5 (first edition, paperback)
OCLC 47677622

Lord of the Flies is a 1954 debut novel past Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding. The book focuses on a group of British boys stranded on an uninhabited isle and their disastrous attempt to govern themselves. Themes include the tension betwixt groupthink and individuality, between rational and emotional reactions, and betwixt morality and immorality.

The novel has been more often than not well received. Information technology was named in the Mod Library 100 Best Novels, reaching number 41 on the editor's list, and 25 on the reader'southward list. In 2003 it was listed at number 70 on the BBC's The Big Read poll, and in 2005 Time magazine named it as one of the 100 best English-linguistic communication novels from 1923 to 2005. Time too included the novel in its list of the 100 Best Immature-Adult Books of All Fourth dimension. Popular reading in schools, especially in the English-speaking earth, a 2016 UK poll saw Lord of the Flies ranked tertiary in the nation's favourite books from school.

Background

Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel. The idea came nigh afterwards Golding read what he accounted to be an unrealistic depiction of stranded children in youth novels like The Coral Island: a Tale of the Pacific Ocean (1857) by R. M. Ballantyne, and asked his married woman, Ann, if information technology would "be a good thought if I wrote a book about children on an island, children who behave in the way children really would behave?"[3] As a result, the novel contains various references to The Coral Isle, such as the rescuing naval officeholder's clarification of the boys' initial attempts at civilised cooperation equally "a jolly good bear witness, like the Coral Island".[four] Golding's three central characters (Ralph, Piggy, and Jack) have also been interpreted every bit caricatures of Ballantyne's Coral Island protagonists.[five]

The manuscript was rejected past many publishers before finally being accepted by London-based Faber & Faber; an initial rejection by the professional reader, Miss Perkins, at Faber labelled the volume an "Absurd and uninteresting fantasy about the explosion of an diminutive bomb on the colonies and a group of children who state in the jungle near New Guinea. Rubbish and tiresome. Pointless".[six] Nevertheless, Charles Monteith decided to have on the manuscript[7] and worked with Golding to complete several fairly major edits, including the removal of the unabridged get-go section of the novel, which had previously described an evacuation from nuclear state of war.[6] Equally well every bit this, the character of Simon was heavily redacted by Monteith, including the removal of his interaction with a mysterious lonely effigy who is never identified only implied to exist God.[8] Monteith himself was concerned well-nigh these changes, completing "tentative emendations", and alarm against "turning Simon into a prig".[half dozen] Ultimately, Golding made all of Monteith's recommended edits and wrote dorsum in his final letter of the alphabet to his editor that "I've lost any kind of objectivity I ever had over this novel and tin inappreciably conduct to look at information technology."[nine] These manuscripts and typescripts are now available from the Special Collections Archives at the University of Exeter library for further study and research.[10] The collection includes the original 1952 "Manuscript Notebook" (originally a Bishop Wordsworth'due south Schoolhouse notebook) containing copious edits and strikethroughs.

With the changes made by Monteith and despite the initial slow rate of sale (about 3 thousand copies of the first impress sold slowly), the book soon went on to become a best-seller, with more ten million copies sold as of 2015.[7] It has been adjusted to film twice in English, in 1963 past Peter Brook and 1990 by Harry Hook, and once in Filipino by Lupita A. Concio (1975).

The book begins with the boys' arrival on the island later on their plane has been shot down during what seems to be part of a nuclear Globe War III.[eleven] Some of the marooned characters are ordinary students, while others get in equally a musical choir nether an established leader. With the exception of Sam, Eric, and the choirboys, they announced never to have encountered each other before. The book portrays their descent into savagery; left to themselves on a paradisiacal island, far from modern civilization, the well-educated boys backslide to a primitive country.

Plot

In the midst of a wartime evacuation, a British aeroplane crashes on or well-nigh an isolated island in a remote region of the Pacific Body of water. The only survivors are boys in their middle babyhood or preadolescence. Two boys—the fair-haired Ralph and an overweight, bespectacled boy nicknamed "Piggy"—find a conch, which Ralph uses equally a horn to convene all the survivors to one expanse. Ralph is optimistic, believing that grownups will come up to rescue them just Piggy realises the demand to organise ("put starting time things first and act proper"). Because Ralph appears responsible for bringing all the survivors together, he immediately commands some authority over the other boys and is quickly elected their "principal". He does non receive the votes of the members of a boys' choir, led by the red-headed Jack Merridew, although he allows the choir boys to form a separate clique of hunters. Ralph establishes three primary policies: to take fun, to survive, and to constantly maintain a smoke bespeak that could alert passing ships to their presence on the island and thus rescue them. The boys plant a form of democracy by declaring that whoever holds the conch shall besides be able to speak at their formal gatherings and receive the attentive silence of the larger group.

Jack organises his choir into a hunting party responsible for discovering a food source. Ralph, Jack, and a placidity, dreamy boy named Simon soon form a loose triumvirate of leaders with Ralph equally the ultimate authorization. Upon inspection of the island, the iii determine that it has fruit and wild pigs for food. The boys besides utilize Piggy's glasses to create a fire. Although he is Ralph's only real confidant, Piggy is quickly made into an outcast by his young man "biguns" (older boys) and becomes the butt of the other boys' jokes. Simon, in improver to supervising the projection of constructing shelters, feels an instinctive demand to protect the "littluns" (younger boys).

The semblance of order rapidly deteriorates every bit the majority of the boys turn idle; they give little assistance in edifice shelters, spend their time having fun and brainstorm to develop paranoias about the isle. The central paranoia refers to a supposed monster they telephone call the "beast", which they all slowly begin to believe exists on the island. Ralph insists that no such beast exists, but Jack, who has started a power struggle with Ralph, gains a level of control over the group by boldly promising to impale the creature. At ane point, Jack summons all of his hunters to hunt down a wild pig, drawing away those assigned to maintain the betoken fire. A send travels by the island, only without the boys' smoke signal to warning the ship'southward crew, the vessel continues without stopping. Ralph angrily confronts Jack nigh his failure to maintain the indicate; in frustration Jack assaults Piggy, breaking 1 of the lenses of his spectacles. The boys subsequently enjoy their first feast. Angered by the failure of the boys to attract potential rescuers, Ralph considers relinquishing his position every bit leader, but is persuaded not to do so past Piggy, who both understands Ralph's importance and fears what will become of him should Jack take total control.

One night, an aerial battle occurs nearly the island while the boys sleep, during which a fighter pilot ejects from his plane and dies in the descent. His trunk drifts down to the island in his parachute; both get tangled in a tree near the top of the mountain. Later on on, while Jack continues to scheme against Ralph, the twins Sam and Eric, at present assigned to the maintenance of the betoken burn, come across the corpse of the fighter pilot and his parachute in the night. Mistaking the corpse for the beast, they run to the cluster of shelters that Ralph and Simon take erected, to warn the others. This unexpected meeting again raises tensions between Jack and Ralph. Shortly thereafter, Jack decides to pb a party to the other side of the island, where a mountain of stones, after chosen Castle Stone, forms a place where he claims the animal resides. Only Ralph and a repose suspicious boy, Roger, Jack's closest supporter, agree to go; Ralph turns back soon earlier the other two boys but eventually all three see the parachutist, whose head rises via the wind. They and then abscond, at present assertive the animate being is real. When they arrive at the shelters, Jack calls an associates and tries to turn the others against Ralph, asking them to remove Ralph from his position. Receiving no support, Jack storms off alone to form his own tribe. Roger immediately sneaks off to bring together Jack, and slowly an increasing number of older boys abandon Ralph to bring together Jack'southward tribe. Jack'southward tribe continues to lure recruits from the main group by promising feasts of cooked pig. The members begin to pigment their faces and enact bizarre rites, including sacrifices to the animate being. 1 night, Ralph and Piggy decide to get to one of Jack'southward feasts.

Simon, who faints frequently and is probably an epileptic,[12] [13] has a secret hideaway where he goes to be alone. 1 day while he is there, Jack and his followers erect an offer to the beast nearby: a grunter'due south head, mounted on a sharpened stick and soon swarming with scavenging flies. Simon conducts an imaginary dialogue with the head, which he dubs the "Lord of the Flies". The head mocks Simon'due south notion that the brute is a real entity, "something you could hunt and kill", and reveals the truth: they, the boys, are the creature; it is inside them all. The Lord of the Flies besides warns Simon that he is in danger, because he represents the soul of man, and predicts that the others will kill him. Simon climbs the mount lone and discovers that the "animate being" is the dead parachutist. He rushes down to tell the other boys, who are engaged in a ritual dance. The frenzied boys mistake Simon for the beast, assail him, and beat him to death. Both Ralph and Piggy participate in the melee, and they get deeply disturbed by their actions after returning from Castle Rock.

Jack and his insubordinate band make up one's mind that the existent symbol of power on the island is not the conch, but Piggy'southward glasses—the only means the boys have of starting a burn down. They raid Ralph'due south camp, confiscate the glasses, and render to their abode on Castle Rock. Ralph, now deserted by most of his supporters, journeys to Castle Stone to confront Jack and secure the spectacles. Taking the conch and accompanied only by Piggy, Sam, and Eric, Ralph finds the tribe and demands that they return the valuable object. Confirming their full rejection of Ralph's say-so, the tribe capture and demark the twins under Jack'southward command. Ralph and Jack appoint in a fight which neither wins earlier Piggy tries again to address the tribe. Any sense of society or safe is permanently eroded when Roger, now sadistic, deliberately drops a bedrock from his vantage signal above, killing Piggy and shattering the conch. Ralph manages to escape, but Sam and Eric are tortured past Roger until they concord to join Jack'southward tribe.

Ralph secretly confronts Sam and Eric, who warn him that Jack and Roger detest him and that Roger has sharpened a stick at both ends, intimating that the tribe intends to hunt him like a pig and decollate him. The following morning, Jack orders his tribe to brainstorm a chase for Ralph. Jack'southward savages set fire to the forest while Ralph badly weighs his options for survival. Following a long hunt, about of the island is consumed in flames. With the hunters closely behind him, Ralph trips and falls. He looks up at a uniformed adult—a British naval officeholder whose party has landed from a passing cruiser to investigate the fire. Ralph bursts into tears over the death of Piggy and the "end of innocence". Jack and the other boys, filthy and unkempt, besides revert to their true ages and erupt into sobs. The officer expresses his disappointment at seeing British boys exhibiting such feral, warlike behaviour before turning to stare awkwardly at his own warship.

Themes

At an allegorical level, the cardinal theme is the conflicting human impulses toward civilisation and social organisation—living past rules, peacefully and in harmony—and toward the will to power. Themes include the tension between groupthink and individuality, between rational and emotional reactions, and betwixt morality and immorality. How these play out and how dissimilar people feel their influence form a major subtext of Lord of the Flies, with the central themes addressed in an essay by American literary critic Harold Bloom.[fourteen] The proper noun "Lord of the Flies" is a literal translation of Beelzebub, from 2 Kings 1:2–3, half-dozen, xvi.

Reception

The volume, originally entitled Strangers from Inside, was initially rejected by an in-house reader, Miss Perkins, at London based publishers Faber and Faber every bit "Rubbish & irksome. Pointless".[7] The title was considered "likewise abstruse and too explicit". Following a further review, the book was somewhen published as Lord of the Flies.[15] [16]

A turning point occurred when Due east. M. Forster chose Lord of the Flies every bit his "outstanding novel of the twelvemonth."[vii] Other reviews described it as "not simply a outset-rate take chances merely a parable of our times".[seven] In February 1960, Floyd C. Gale of Galaxy Scientific discipline Fiction rated Lord of the Flies five stars out of five, stating that "Golding paints a truly terrifying picture of the disuse of a minuscule society ... Well on its way to becoming a modernistic archetype".[17]

"Lord of the Flies presents a view of humanity unimaginable before the horrors of Nazi Europe, then plunges into speculations nearly mankind in the state of nature. Dour and specific, but universal, fusing rage and grief, Lord of the Flies is both a novel of the 1950s, and for all fourth dimension."

—Robert McCrum, The Guardian.[7]

In his volume Moral Minds: How Nature Designed Our Universal Sense of Right and Incorrect, Marc D. Hauser says the following about Golding'south Lord of the Flies: "This riveting fiction, standard reading in almost intro courses to English language literature, should be standard reading in biology, economics, psychology, and philosophy."[xviii]

Its stances on the already controversial subjects of human nature and private welfare versus the common good earned it position 68 on the American Library Association's list of the 100 almost frequently challenged books of 1990–1999.[nineteen] The book has been criticized as "contemptuous" and portraying humanity exclusively every bit "selfish creatures". It has been linked with "Tragedy of the eatables" by Garrett Hardin and books by Ayn Rand, and countered by "Management of the Commons" past Elinor Ostrom. Parallels accept been drawn between the "Lord of the Flies" and an actual incident from 1965 when a group of schoolboys who sailed a angling boat from Tonga were hit by a tempest and marooned on the uninhabited island of ʻAta, considered expressionless by their relatives in Nuku'alofa. The grouping not only managed to survive for over 15 months simply "had ready a modest commune with food garden, hollowed-out tree trunks to store rainwater, a gymnasium with curious weights, a badminton court, craven pens and a permanent burn, all from handiwork, an erstwhile pocketknife blade and much determination". As a result, when transport captain Peter Warner establish them, they were in good health and spirits. Dutch historian Rutger Bregman, writing near this state of affairs said that Golding's portrayal was unrealistic.[20]

  • It was awarded a place on both lists of Modern Library 100 Best Novels, reaching number 41 on the editor's list, and 25 on the reader's listing.[21]
  • In 2003, the novel was listed at number seventy on the BBC'south survey The Big Read.[22]
  • In 2005, the novel was chosen by Time mag as one of the 100 best English-linguistic communication novels from 1923 to 2005.[23] Fourth dimension too included the novel in its list of the 100 Best Young-Adult Books of All Time.[24]

Pop in schools, especially in the English-speaking world, a 2016 UK poll saw Lord of the Flies ranked third in the nation's favourite books from schoolhouse, behind George Orwell'southward Animal Subcontract and Charles Dickens' Dandy Expectations.[25]

On 5 Nov 2019, BBC News listed Lord of the Flies on its list of the 100 nigh inspiring novels.[26]

In other media

Flick

There have been three film adaptations based on the book:

  • Lord of the Flies (1963), directed by Peter Brook
  • Alkitrang Dugo (1975), a Filipino film, directed by Lupita A. Concio
  • Lord of the Flies (1990), directed past Harry Hook

A quaternary adaptation, to feature an all-female cast, was announced by Warner Bros. in Baronial 2017,[27] [28] but was after abandoned. In July 2019, director Luca Guadagnino was said to be in negotiations for a conventionally cast version.[29] [30] Ladyworld, an all-female person accommodation, was released in 2018.

Stage

Nigel Williams adapted the text for the stage. It was debuted by the Royal Shakespeare Company in July 1996. The Airplane pilot Theatre Company has toured it extensively in the United Kingdom and elsewhere.

In October 2014 it was appear that the 2011 production[31] [ failed verification ] of Lord of the Flies would return to conclude the 2015 flavor at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre ahead of a major UK tour. The production was to be directed by the Artistic Managing director Timothy Sheader who won the 2014 Whatsonstage.com Awards Best Play Revival for To Kill a Mockingbird.

Kansas-based Orange Mouse Theatricals and Mathew Klickstein produced a topical, gender-bending accommodation chosen Ladies of the Fly that was co-written by a group of young girls (ages viii–sixteen) based on both the original text and their own lives.[32] The product was performed by the girls themselves as an immersive live-action show in August 2018.

Radio

In June 2013, BBC Radio four Extra broadcast a dramatisation by Judith Adams in iv thirty-infinitesimal episodes directed by Sasha Yevtushenko.[33] The bandage included Ruth Wilson as "The Narrator", Finn Bennett equally "Ralph", Richard Linnel as "Jack", Caspar Hilton-Hilley as "Piggy" and Jack Caine as "Simon".

  1. Fire on the Mountain
  2. Painted Faces
  3. Beast from the Air
  4. Gift for Darkness

Influence

Many writers have borrowed plot elements from Lord of the Flies. By the early 1960s, it was required reading in many schools and colleges.[34]

Literature

Author Stephen King uses the proper noun Castle Rock, from the mountain fort in Lord of the Flies, as a fictional boondocks that has appeared in a number of his novels.[35] The book itself appears prominently in his novels Hearts in Atlantis (1999), Misery (1987), and Cujo (1981).[36]

Rex wrote an introduction for a new edition of Lord of the Flies (2011) to marker the centenary of William Golding's birth in 1911.[37]

King's fictional town of Castle Rock inspired the proper name of Rob Reiner's production company, Castle Rock Entertainment, which produced the film Lord of the Flies (1990).[37]

Music

Fe Maiden wrote a song inspired by the volume, included in their 1995 album The X Factor.[38]

The Filipino indie pop/alternative stone outfit The Camerawalls include a song entitled "Lord of the Flies" on their 2008 album Pocket Guide to the Otherworld.[39]

Editions

  • Golding, William (1958) [1954]. Lord of the Flies (Impress ed.). Boston: Faber & Faber.

Run across also

  • Batavia (1628 ship)
  • The Coral Island: A Tale of the Pacific Bounding main (1858), novel by R. Thou. Ballantyne with a similar premise but an reverse perspective
  • "Das Bus", an episode of The Simpsons with a similar plot
  • Heart of Darkness (1899), curt novel past Joseph Conrad
  • A High Wind in Jamaica
  • Island mentality
  • Robbers Cave Experiment
  • Land of nature
  • 2 Years' Vacation (1888), adventure novel by Jules Verne

References

  1. ^ "Jump books – a set on Flickr". 22 Nov 2007. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2012.
  2. ^ Amazon, "Lord of the Flies: Amazon.ca" Archived 20 May 2021 at the Wayback Auto, Amazon
  3. ^ Presley, Nicola. "Lord of the Flies and The Coral Isle." William Golding Official Site, 30th Jun 2017, https://william-golding.co.uk/lord-flies-coral-island Archived 23 Jan 2021 at the Wayback Motorcar. Accessed 9th February 2021.
  4. ^ Reiff, Raychel Haugrud (2010), William Golding: Lord of the Flies, Marshall Cavendish, p. 93, ISBN978-0-7614-4700-9
  5. ^ Singh, Minnie (1997), "The Authorities of Boys: Golding'south Lord of the Flies and Ballantyne's Coral Isle", Children's Literature, 25: 205–213, doi:10.1353/chl.0.0478
  6. ^ a b c Monteith, Charles. "Strangers from Within." William Golding: The Homo and His Books, edited by John Carey, Farrar Straus & Giroux, 1987.
  7. ^ a b c d e f "The 100 best novels: No 74 – Lord of the Flies by William Golding (1954)". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  8. ^ Kendall, Tim. E-mail, Academy of Exeter, received fifth Feb 2021.
  9. ^ Williams, Phoebe (six June 2019). "New BBC programme sheds light on the story behind the publication of Lord of the Flies". Faber & Faber Official Site. Archived from the original on ane May 2021. Retrieved xiv February 2021.
  10. ^ "EUL MS 429 - William Golding, Literary Annal". Athenaeum Catalogue. Academy of Exeter. Retrieved vi October 2021. The collection represents the literary papers of William Golding and consists of notebooks, manuscript and typescript drafts of Golding's novels up to 1989.
  11. ^ Weiskel, Portia Williams, ed. (2010). "Peter Edgerly Firchow Examines the Implausible Showtime and Ending of Lord of the Flies". William Golding's Lord of the Flies. Bloom's Guides. Infobase. ISBN9781438135397. Archived from the original on xi June 2020. Retrieved 14 Baronial 2017.
  12. ^ Bakery, James Rupert; Ziegler, Arthur P., eds. (1983). William Golding'southward Lord of the Flies. Penguin. p. xxi.
  13. ^ Rosenfield, Claire (1990). "Men of a Smaller Growth: A Psychological Analysis of William Golding's Lord of the Flies". Gimmicky Literary Criticism. Vol. 58. Detroit, MI: Gale Enquiry. pp. 93–101.
  14. ^ Bloom, Harold. "Major themes in Lord of the Flies" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 11 Dec 2019.
  15. ^ Symons, Julian (26 September 1986). "Golding's way". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  16. ^ Faber, Toby (28 Apr 2019). "Lord of the Flies? 'Rubbish'. Animal Farm? Too risky – Faber's secrets revealed". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Archived from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 28 April 2019.
  17. ^ Gale, Floyd C. (Feb 1960). "Milky way's 5 Star Shelf". Galaxy Science Fiction. pp. 164–168.
  18. ^ Marc D. Hauser (2006). Moral Minds: How Nature Designed Our Universal Sense of Right and Wrong. page 252.
  19. ^ "100 most frequently challenged books: 1990–1999". American Library Clan. 2009. Archived from the original on xv May 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2009.
  20. ^ Bregman, Rutger (9 May 2020). "The real Lord of the Flies: what happened when 6 boys were shipwrecked for xv months". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 9 May 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  21. ^ Kyrie O'Connor (1 February 2011). "Pinnacle 100 Novels: Let the Fighting Begin". Houston Chronicle. Archived from the original on 30 July 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  22. ^ "The Large Read – Top 100 Books". BBC. April 2003. Archived from the original on 28 October 2012. Retrieved 18 October 2012.
  23. ^ Grossman, Lev; Lacayo, Richard (vi October 2005). "ALL-Time 100 Novels. Lord of the Flies (1955), by William Golding". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Archived from the original on 10 December 2012. Retrieved 10 Dec 2012.
  24. ^ "100 Best Young-Developed Books". Fourth dimension. Archived from the original on 22 Jan 2020. Retrieved eleven December 2019.
  25. ^ "George Orwell's Animal Subcontract tops list of the nation'south favourite books from schoolhouse". The Independent. Archived from the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 11 Dec 2019.
  26. ^ "100 'about inspiring' novels revealed past BBC Arts". BBC News. 5 November 2019. Archived from the original on three November 2020. Retrieved 10 November 2019. The reveal kickstarts the BBC'south year-long celebration of literature.
  27. ^ Fleming, Mike, Jr (thirty August 2017). "Scott McGehee & David Siegel Plan Female-Axial 'Lord of the Flies' At Warner Bros". Deadline. Archived from the original on six March 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  28. ^ France, Lisa Respers (1 September 2017). "'Lord of the Flies' all-daughter remake sparks backfire". Entertainment. CNN. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 11 Apr 2018.
  29. ^ Kroll, Justin (29 July 2019). "Luca Guadagnino in Talks to Direct 'Lord of the Flies' Adaptation (Sectional)". Variety. Archived from the original on 30 July 2019. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  30. ^ Lattanzio, Ryan (25 April 2020). "Luca Guadagnino Taps 'A Monster Calls' Author to Write 'Lord of the Flies' Adaptation". IndieWire. Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved fifteen May 2020.
  31. ^ "Lord of the Flies, Open up Air Theatre, Regent's Park, review". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 30 May 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
  32. ^ "Orangish Mouse Theatricals to stage re-imagined 'Lord of the Flies' with an all-female twist". LJWorld.com.
  33. ^ "William Golding – Lord of the Flies". BBC Radio iv. Archived from the original on 20 June 2013.
  34. ^ Ojalvo, Holly Epstein; Doyne, Shannon (5 August 2010). "Didactics 'The Lord of the Flies' With The New York Times". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 6 May 2018.
  35. ^ Beahm, George (1992). The Stephen King story (Revised ed.). Kansas City: Andrews and McMeel. p. 120. ISBN0-8362-8004-0. Castle Rock, which King in plow had got from Golding'south Lord of the Flies.
  36. ^ Liukkonen, Petri. "Stephen King". Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi). Republic of finland: Kuusankoski Public Library. Archived from the original on 23 March 2007.
  37. ^ a b Rex, Stephen (2011). "Introduction by Stephen King". Faber and Faber. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 12 Oct 2011.
  38. ^ "CALA (-) LAND". ilcala.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on 13 Oct 2016. Retrieved half-dozen May 2018.
  39. ^ "Indie ring The Camerawalls releases debut anthology". Archived from the original on x June 2020. Retrieved x May 2020.

External links

  • Chapter 1: "The Sound of the Shell" of the novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding on eNotes
  • Lord of the Flies student guide and teacher resources; themes, quotes, characters, report questions
  • Reading and pedagogy guide from Faber and Faber, the volume's United kingdom publisher
  • An interview with Judy Golding, the author's daughter, in which she discusses the inspiration for the book, and the reasons for its enduring legacy
  • William Golding official website run and administered past the William Golding Estate
  • The existent Lord of the Flies: what happened when vi boys were shipwrecked for fifteen months Almost a real life incident in 1965; reality had a much more positive outcome than Golding's volume.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_of_the_Flies

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